Refunds for eligible return items will reflect final sale price after all discounts and shall exclude shipping charges. Comparable value prices are based on similar merchandise sold in our full-priced stores or elsewhere in the market. Online only marked price already reflect savings off the ticketed price, additional discount not applied to final sale (special savings) in stores. Qualifying Amount and Offer not valid on the purchase of final sale, items being sold to benefit charity (including donations), gift cards, previously purchased merchandise, final sale, Non- WHBM Outlet branded items, clearance items, taxes or shipping other exclusions may apply. Prices shown reflect discount, no further discounts apply. WHBM Outlets (excluding boutiques), or at 877.948.2525 for select Outlet styles, while supplies last. Valid only online at, in participating U.S. Chico's reserves the right to discontinue or modify this offer at any time. The right to discontinue or modify this offer at any time. Reflect final sale price after all discounts and shall exclude shipping charges. Sold in our full-priced stores or elsewhere in the market. Comparable value prices are based on similar merchandise Marked price already reflect savings off the ticketed price, additional discount not applied toįinal sale (special savings) in stores. Qualifying Amount and Offer not valid on the purchase of final sale, itemsīeing sold to benefit charity (including donations), gift cards, previously purchased merchandise,įinal sale, Non- WHBM Outlet branded items, clearance items, taxes or shipping otherĮxclusions may apply. Prices shown reflect discount, noįurther discounts apply. Discover our range of printed dresses, short-sleeved dresses and knitted dresses. WHBM Outlets (excluding boutiques), or atĨ77.948.2525 for select Outlet styles, while supplies last.
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As well, remember that as long as the lowermost card of a suited run can be placed into the foundation, all of the cards in the suited run can be placed into the foundation, one card at a time. Remember that suited runs can often be moved all at once or one move at a time. As much as possible, build up suited runs in the tableau.More than one plan is usually necessary to win a game. A plan should end with the state of the game conducive to making further gains. SOLITAIRE BLISS 4 SUITS FREEUsually, a plan consists of moving many cards around in several piles and free cells, as well as possibly placing cards in the foundation. For this reason, it's imperative that players who do not wish to habitually undo moves devise a good plan before making any moves. Due to the fact that each non-King card can only be placed onto one particular card, mobility (the ability to move cards around) is restricted as compared to within FreeCell.Please refer to Classic FreeCell Strategy, along with the following additional tips: It first appeared in Martin Gardener's Mathematical Games column of Scientific American in June of 1968. Baker, a mathematician, is credited with invention of Baker's Game. Apparently due to the greater ease of winning, FreeCell appears to be much more popular than is Baker's Game.Ĭ. According to solver programs, of the approximately 1.75x10^64 distinct games of Baker's Game, about 75% are winnable, while FreeCell has the same number of distinct games and all of them are winnable (except a tiny fraction). This one different makes Baker's Game much more difficult to win than FreeCell. The only real difference is that in Baker's Game cards are built by suit, while in FreeCell, they are built by alternate (red and black) colors. Baker's Game is similar to and predates the FreeCell solitaire game. Then, in 1991, Maxwell disappeared, presumed drowned, from his yacht in the Mediterranean, and in the aftermath, it soon became clear that Maxwell’s empire was a sham. At about the same time, Pergamon Press bought Aberdeen University Press. In 1990, he struck the first brick into the wall of the Robert Maxwell Conference Centre – using a sledgehammer. He arrived at Aberdeen University like a white knight. Robert Maxwell’s publishing empire later spread well beyond Pergamon, but there is an irony that, having made his first millions from screwing the university sector, by the 1980s he was apparently eager to give something back. As any librarian will tell you, for an academic, cutting back on journal subscriptions is like giving up tobacco, even as costs inexplicably rose for journals that were produced almost entirely by volunteer labour. Scholars needed to publish and they didn’t expect to be paid for their work, either writing or editing the content of journals libraries needed to buy these new journals, despite their high cost, and once the library subscribed, it was hooked. My husband, a retired mathematician, recalls how an older colleague of his was encouraged to set up a new journal, in a new sub-discipline of mathematics, with seed money from Pergamon. Plaque at headquarters of Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Science was booming in the period, universities were growing in size and number, and academic libraries subscribed to all the new journals that Maxwell, and Pergamon Press, set up. During the 1950s, he began to make his first serious money when he established Pergamon Press to publish academic journals. He arrived in Britain as a Jewish refugee in 1940, aged 17, and took the name Robert Maxwell. Ján Ludvík Hoch was born in what was then Czechoslovakia in 1923. Nevertheless, times were hard, and the university administration was delighted to find a benefactor. During the slash-and-burn years of Margaret Thatcher during the 1980s, Aberdeen University went through hard times, even though it shares with the universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow and St Andrews, a unique advantage over other British universities: its continued existence is guaranteed in the Act of Union that created the United Kingdom in 1707. I encountered this problem when I spent a couple of months on study leave at Aberdeen University in the early 1990s. Think Cecil Rhodes, whose generous donations to Oxford, and the formation of the Rhodes Scholarship scheme, were based on his crackpot theories of racial supremacy, and funded by what we might today call ‘blood diamonds’.īut when a dictator or a crook is outed, how do you wash your hands of the connection? Do you, like Rhodes House, just adjust your criteria so that the scholarships can go to non-white and female recipients? (There was a precedent in their earlier decision, in 1914, not to award any further scholarships to Germans, as required in Rhodes’ original bequest) Or do you try to erase the memory of your institution’s lapse of judgment more thoroughly, by a few strategic resignations, or by eradicating the name or the connection entirely. In a way, it’s the Robin Hood principle at work: there’s no point in robbing from the poor, but soliciting money from the rich means cosying up to some pretty shady characters. Universities have a long and dishonorable tradition of accepting money from rogues and ratbags, and the odd tyrant. As far as I know, no cause and effect has yet been proved, but it looks bad. The director of the London School of Economics, Sir Howard Davies, has just resigned because he accepted a donation of £1.5m for the university from a Gaddafi foundation, just shortly after Saif Gaddafi was awarded a PhD from the LSE. When his son Titus objected, he said, we are told by Suetonius, ‘ Pecunia non olet’ – ‘money doesn’t stink’. The Emperor Vespasian, a notorious tightwad, once introduced a tax on urine – it was used for washing togas, and other chemical purposes.
Deze bevat een samenvatting van de belangrijkste voorwaarden van de licentie, geschreven in een formaat dat door softwaresystemen, zoekmachines en andere vormen van technologie te begrijpen is. Key cutting machine do not duplicate key software#Om voor deze software gemakkelijk te checken of een werk onder een Creative Commons-licentie valt, is er een ‘machine-leesbare’ versie van de licentie beschikbaar. De Deed zelf is geen licentie en de inhoud van de pagina maakt geen onderdeel uit van de licentietekst.ĭe laatste laag van het licentieontwerp erkent dat software, van zoekmachines tot kantoorsoftware tot muziek-editingsoftware, een enorme rol speelt in het creëren, kopiëren, ontdekken en verspreiden van creatieve werken. Beschouw de Commons Deed als een gebruiksvriendelijke laag voor de onderliggende licentietekst. Door de belangrijkste bepalingen van de overeenkomst samen te vatten is de Commons Deed een handige referentie voor licentiegevers en licentienemers. We maken daarom de licenties ook beschikbaar in een formaat dat door normale mensen gelezen kan worden: de Commons Deed (ook bekend als de human-readable versie van de licentie). We noemen dit de Legal Code-laag van iedere licentie.ĭe meeste makers, onderwijzers en wetenschappers zijn alleen geen advocaten. Elke licentie begint met een traditionele licentietekst, in de taal en vorm die bekend en geliefd is bij de meeste advocaten. Key cutting machine do not duplicate key license#GelijkDelen is geïnspireerd op de GNU General Public License die gebruikt wordt door vele opensource-softwareprojecten.Ĭreative Commons-licenties hebben een uniek en innovatief ‘drielaags’ ontwerp. Wil ik dat anderen commercieel gebruik mogen maken van mijn werk? Mogen anderen mijn werk aanpassen? Als anderen het werk mogen aanpassen, moeten ze dan het werk onder dezelfde voorwaarden beschikbaar maken? We noemen dit laatste idee ‘GelijkDelen’, één van de mechanismes die helpt om open content te laten groeien. Deze gemeenschappelijke eigenschappen zorgen voor de basis waaruit licentiegevers kunnen kiezen om additionele toestemming te verlenen over de manier waarop hun werk gebruikt wordt.Įen Creative Commons-licentiegever beantwoordt een paar eenvoudige vragen bij het kiezen van een licentie. Alle Creative Commons-licenties werken over de hele wereld en zijn geldig zolang het werk auteursrechtelijk beschermd is (ze zijn gebaseerd op het auteursrecht). Elke Creative Commons-licentie zorgt ervoor dat licentiegevers de naamsvermelding voor hun werk krijgt die ze verdienen. Elke licentie helpt makers - we noemen ze licentiegever in onze tools - met het behouden van hun auteursrecht, terwijl het anderen toestaat om werken te kopiëren, distribueren en op andere manieren te gebruiken, tenminste voor niet-commerciële doeleinden. Alle Creative Commons-licenties hebben belangrijke eigenschappen gemeen. She was a lone wolf at that time, telling stories that were matter-of-fact feminine, but also unapologetically so.” We see the same arc with Amy Sherman-Palladino. “It was glazed over, and that’s an interesting testament to the way culture has shifted. “At the time of its broadcast run, Gilmore Girls was perceived critically and culturally as low art,” says Porter. Many were beginning to recognise for the first time its quiet but palpable innovations – Sherman-Palladino’s boldly individual tone, and the positive portrayal of a single mother and her child, conceived through a pregnancy at the age of 16. (It went worldwide in July 2016, and Netflix’s divisive sequel miniseries Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life, written by Sherman-Palladino and her husband Daniel Palladino, followed in November that year). In 2014, however, when the show made its way on to Netflix in the US, it received renewed attention, buoyed by social media. #Stars hollow wednesday seriesLongtime fan Kevin T Porter, one of the hosts of the much loved Gilmore Guys podcast, tells me that watching the series in its early years felt like “being in a secret club”, thanks to its cult following. The first season aired on Thursdays at 8pm in the US, in the same slot as Friends and Survivor, two of the period’s heavy hitters, and in 2001, the New York Times called the show “one of the best series on the air, and possibly the most underappreciated”. The show’s willingness to stroll instead of sprint, however, meant that it mostly flew under the radar when it was released. Episode to episode, Gilmore Girls’ trick is in prioritising minutiae – dinners at Lorelai’s hoity-toity family home, town meetings and idiosyncratic conversations where Rosemary’s Baby and Juicy Couture get equal weighting – so that when its emotional moments do come, they really resonate, the bonds they are based on having been so carefully developed. Smarter and less soapy than other programmes aimed at a young, largely female demographic, such as Dawson’s Creek and One Tree Hill, it leaned into the fact that it was “just” a show about a single mother, her clever kid and the eccentric, lovable people of Stars Hollow, a fictional Connecticut town. And as of next week, it will have been keeping viewers warm for 20 years. Its unhurried pace, low stakes and sleepy, picturesque setting have led fans and critics alike to cite it as a high point for comfort TV. #Stars hollow wednesday tvOriginally airing from October 2000 until May 2007 (and now enjoying a second wind in the streaming age), Gilmore Girls is a thoroughly wholesome TV hit. Arriving home from the office at about 2pm, I would boot up Netflix, always with the same objective: to transport myself to the almost pathologically cosy, gently kooky world of the mother-daughter dramedy Gilmore Girls. There was, however, one other, nicer, constant, something I always looked forward to, no matter how grey I felt. My afternoons, by contrast, were lonely and aimless, defined by hours-long naps and eating large bags of crisps. I worked mornings, which at least meant my days began with structure and a sense of purpose. Living in a packed house I shared with strangers and having just ended a draining relationship, I was in a weird, transitional period, and I was finding it a bit much. In an effort to further embrace the town's fame, a shop called Stars Hollow Yarns was opened in both a nod and tribute to the show, adding a bit of realistic shimmer to this already vibrant and bright town.At 22, I experienced a moderate bout of depression. The people who live there are just as diverse and interesting as though which Sherman-Palladino has dreamt up, except for the best part - the fact that they're real. Visitors to the town who have no affiliation with Gilmore Girls have fallen in love with this town's easy way of life and the uncomplicated, effortless manner in which its townspeople interact with one another. While it wouldn't seem unusual to spot Kirk or Tailor walking around town, or seeing Patty teaching dance classes in the town square, Washington has its own unique charm that functions completely separate from the storyline that has brought it so much attention. Aside from the town's festivities, the locals will say that tourists fall in love with the town for reasons completely unrelated to that of the award-winning series. A road opener ritual can be exactly what you need to get. 2 drops Pine - Heals, Protects and Cleanses. 3 drops Geranium - Helps Release Anger and Anxiety, Combats Depression, Attracts Happiness. Repeat this process every 3 days and after it rains or snows. Essential Oils (and their relevant qualities) 4 drops Basil - Used for Protection, Exorcism, Improving Situations and Attracting Love. Sprinkle this mixture at your all of the entrances, driveways and gates that lead to your business or home. Road Opener Oil belongs in any spell for a. Mix 2 parts of crossroads dirt with 1 part of road opening dust. In this video I show you my recipe for road opening spell oil to open possibilities and create new opportunities. Blocked from our joy, abundance and magic and just can't see any Read more. The foregoing prohibitions also apply to your employees, agents, students or any personnel under your direction or control. A simple road opener/crossroads ritual is as follows. ROAD OPENER opener \ p-nr \ To unblock or remove obstacles and OPEN THE ROAD This week, I am going to share my Road Opener Oil recipe. You are hereby notified that you are strictly prohibited from disclosing, copying, distributing, disseminating, or taking any other action against me with regard to this profile and the contents herein. Warning - any person and/or institution and/or Agent and/or Agency of any governmental structure including but not limited to the United States Federal Government also using or monitoring/using this website or any of its associated websites, you do NOT have my permission to utilize any of my profile inf ormation nor any of the content contained herein including, but not limited to my photos, and/or the comments made about my photos or any other "picture" art posted on my profile. The clock automatically dims to match the surrounding light, preventing it from disturbing your sleep until it's wake-up-time. If you do want a great experience, and money isn’t much of an issue the Pure Siesta Rise should be on your radar. In yesteryear, you always had one on your bedside table, tuned to the right station and at a reasonable volume. You can check the time even in the darkest of environments from anywhere in the room thanks to the wide viewing angle. X Most people aren’t thinking too hard about upgrading their alarm clock. Quickly select up to 40 DAB/FM stations of your choice. Listen to your favourite DAB, DAB+ and FM stations. This forward-thinking device is compact, easy to use, and brimming with functionality that just makes it a delight to use. Siesta S6 is also Digital Tick approved so you can be rest assured that your radio is ready for any future FM to digital radio switchover. Some of our bedside alarms come with a large, ultra-clear, auto-dimming CrystalVue+ display. It’s the sound quality, style, and general performance of the Pure Evoke H3 that makes it a great buy for those in need of a reliable DAB radio. The Pure Siesta Rise has an FM & Digital radio which automatically picks up an amazing number of channels, more than my car ever does. This bedside clock radio is perfect for people with a busy life or students with big schedule gaps. The integrated sleep timer enables you to take a quick nap without going through the alarm setup process. The Siesta button will become your best friend. Pure siesta dab radio alarm clock review full#The Siesta S6 comes with a 2.5” full range speaker powered by a digital amplifier and allows you to customise the bass and treble with the built-in EQ for an optimal listening experience. All our compact bedside radios deliver an incredible sound. Personalise your morning with our adjustable alarm clock radios. No more nightly struggles trying to connect your phone to the charger in the dark. The Siesta Charge, for instance, is an alarm clock with a wireless charging pad. Most of our alarm clock radios feature charging options so your phone is as ready to go in the morning as you. Our bedside radios are more than just an alarm clock they're roommates. Here at Pure, we know how important a good morning routine is. Start your day with your favourite tunes.
AISEESOFT VIDEO ENHANCER REVIEW 1080PIt can make a normal video, even a relatively low resolution video filmed by your iPhone, to a HD 1080p or 4K movie. Video Editor Enhancer enables you to increase the resolution of a video freely. Upscale video resolution - a farewell to grainy video More importantly, it can stabilize shaky videos.ġ. It is capable of increasing video resolution, automatically adjusting video brightness and contrast ratio, and removing video noise. AISEESOFT VIDEO ENHANCER REVIEW SOFTWAREIt is the best Video Editing software to edit your video, enhance the video quality and the viewing experience. AISEESOFT VIDEO ENHANCER REVIEW HOW TOHow to improve the video quality on Mac freely? Use Video Editor Enhancer! Video Editor Enhancer does everything to supply you a visual feast by improving video quality better and better. And the effects are very limited.How to improve video quality? Use Video Editor Enhancer! It can easily edit videos and improve video quality with perfect performance. Although the features are easy-to-use, the interface is a little difficult for beginners to master. Shotcut is a totally free video editor with fewer editing features. But as an open-source video editor, it always crashed with a large occupation of CPU. Its intuitive interface is also suitable for beginners. If you want to edit more about audio and image files, Openshot is a good choice. However, the hacking incident makes it dangerous to download. And it supports many preset transitions and effects for you. It provides all the basic features with a relatively complex interface. AISEESOFT VIDEO ENHANCER REVIEW PROVSDC Free Video Editor is also a free video editor with a pro version. Part 4: 3 Alternatives to Aiseesoft Video Editor 1. And the free version is also good for you to have a try. With its versatile function, the outright price is not very high. The Pro version of Aiseesoft Free Video Editor is very necessary for video editing because the free version has the limitation of video duration to 2 minutes. (Able to export videos for devices or with lossless format) Part 2: Overall Reviews of Aiseesoft Video Editor: Scores, Pros, and Cons And you can adjust the position easily and precisely by setting the distance. What's more, you can also take a picture as a watermark. If you add text as the watermark, you can choose the desired font and color. To protect your ownership, you can also use Aiseesoft Free Video Editor to add customized watermarks to your videos. It includes four main adjustments, so you can improve the video and audio quality by increasing the resolution, optimizing brightness, removing audio noise, and reducing video shaking. It's a very special feature for a video editor, and it can keep high-quality videos. Not only can Aiseesoft Free Video Editor edit videos but also can enhance video quality. In this way, you can create a unique effect as you like. Unlike most preset effects in other video editors, you can adjust the brightness, contrast, saturation, and hue of the videos. In addition to the basic editing features like rotating, cropping, clipping, and joining videos, you can also add effects to your videos. And when you enter each feature, you can adjust the parameters easily by clicking the upward or downward arrow. After launching this software, you can see 8 functions listed in the main interface, and you can directly choose the desired one. Intuitive interface with specific features listed.Īiseesoft Free Video Editor has a very clean and easy-to-use interface. Pro Version of Aiseesoft Free Video Editor: Is It Worth Buying? Part 4: 3 Alternatives to Aiseesoft Video Editor Part 5: FAQs of Aiseesoft Video Editor Part 1: 4 Key Features of Aiseesoft Free Video Editor 1. Part 1: 4 Key Features of Aiseesoft Free Video Editor Part 2: Overall Reviews of Aiseesoft Video Editor: Scores, Pros, and Cons Part 3: Free Version V.S. Then, you will see the data exposing the mass times at St. Transfiguration Catholic Church (Conemaugh)Īll Mass Times at St.Transfiguration Of Our Lord (Ukrainian) Catholic Church (Nanticoke).University Of PA Newman Center Catholic Church (Philadelphia).Visitation Of The B.V.M Catholic Church (Johnstown).Visitation Of The Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church (Mount Pleasant).Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church (Dickson City).WCU Catholic Newman Center Catholic Church (West Chester).Temples within walking distance of Gouldsboro.⛪ Contact information about this church and daily image.□♀️ Confessions and other services at this parish.“But if that land starts to become valuable and someone says we could deal with our financial problems by tearing it down and putting a gas station there, well, I think the people of Philadelphia have a responsibility to protect our physical cultural heritage. “I don’t advocate this beautiful building that is part of Philadelphia’s immigrant heritage being turned into anything but a Catholic Church,” said George Boudreau, La Salle University’s Director of Public History. Rita’s is well-attended and well-maintained. “This is an active parish, an active worship site and it is in no risk whatsoever right now of demolition or any plans like that,” said Phillips.īut preservationists do not take comfort at Phillips assurance’s that St. Location: one block south of Washington Avenue. Phillips argued that such fears should not worry preventionists in the case of St. The National Shrine of St Rita is located one floor below St Ritas Church. Laurentius in Fishtown turning into drawn out neighborhood feuds. Some of the battles over the fate of these well-loved buildings have angered many former parishioners, with cases like that of St. “Now that so many congregations and parishes are smaller and they don’t have the money they used to, there is always the concern of how can we make sure these places stay alive and well?”īut preservationists also fear that the Archdiocese or other similarly situated groups might feel they have to sell historic buildings to help balance other financial costs, which could result in demolition.Īnd when a historic sacred spaces is threatened, neighborhood passions run hot. “Typically what we find when religious leaders are unsure or opposed about designation because they aren’t sure it is helping them in a time of limited resources,” said Bob Jaeger, President of Partners for Sacred Places. As the church’s membership and coffers have shrunk, the maintenance and upkeep of shuttered and de-sanctified historic buildings hasn’t been a priority. Just this month, two more Catholic churches in the city closed. In recent years, as congregations have contracted across Philadelphia, the Archdiocese closed many historic churches and merged congregations. “In prior instances we might not have opposed nominations but we have not supported nominations either,” said Phillips. Phillips said that the Archdiocese doesn’t have a hardline opposition strategy, but that they have consistently preferred that control of their buildings be left entirely in the church’s hands. In Philadelphia, the Catholic Church often opposes preservation efforts. In an interview after her victory, Morello said she nominated the building “because it hadn’t been done.” Rita of Cascia on Broad Street in South Philadelphia. Preservationist Celeste Morello began writing the nomination in early 2018, and argued for its historical value as an early 20th century hub for Irish immigrants and as one of the few buildings in Philadelphia designed in a Roman Baroque style. Augustine - the building is impressive even amidst the other architectural glories of South Broad Street. Built of terra cotta, limestone, and Conshohocken Creek stone - and studded with statues of St. Rita’s is one of the largest Catholic churches in South Philadelphia, dating to 1907. Phillips said he did not know if the Archdiocese would challenge the Historical Commission’s ruling in court. “Really this comes down to a separation of church and state issue.” St rita church philadelphia pa free#“The Catholic Church and its parishes must remain free to erect, alter, or modify any religiously significant element of its faith and houses of worship,” said Michael Phillips, the real estate lawyer who argued the Archdiocese’s case at a Philadelphia Historical Commission hearing Friday. WHYY thanks our sponsors - become a WHYY sponsor However, how these measurements relate to antibody levels and durations of protection in populations over time, and after BNT162b2 vaccination, is not fully understood. Similarly for the mRNA-1273 vaccine, anti-spike antibody and neutralization titers were inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 68.5% of vaccine efficacy up to 126 days after the second dose mediated by day 29 neutralization titers 15. However, large population-based investigations of how these different dosing intervals, or other factors, affect longer-term antibody changes after the second dose are limited, but they are essential to assess the duration of protection and the need for booster doses.Īfter the ChAdOx1 vaccine, anti-spike IgG and pseudovirus neutralization titers are associated with protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 14. With the rapid emergence of the Delta variant, and greater protection after second than first vaccine doses 10, 11, 12, from mid-2021 dosing intervals were reduced to 8 weeks 13 to achieve greater protection faster. However, these studies were based on relatively small sample sizes ( n < 600) or specific population groups such as healthcare workers, potentially reducing generalizability, and antibody levels were measured only at specific times after second doses. Subsequent UK studies showed that extended BNT162b2 dosing intervals generated higher antibody responses than the 3-week interval 7, 8, 9. Response peak unibox trial#Although the ChAdOx1 trial found higher vaccine efficacy with dosing intervals of at least 6 weeks 6, BNT162b2 trials did not compare different dosing intervals. With widespread Alpha variant transmission, in January 2021 the UK government extended the dosing interval from 3–4 weeks to 12 weeks for all vaccines to maximize first dose coverage, based on preliminary data showing high short-term efficacy from single BNT162b2 (90%) and ChAdOx1 (70%) doses 5. Up to 4 October 2021, 85% and 78% of the population (aged ≥12 years) have received one and two doses, respectively 4. In the UK, vaccines were initially prioritized to older adults, frontline health and social care workers, and clinically vulnerable individuals, and then offered to other adults in decreasing age order 3. The Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (hereafter ChAdOx1) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been widely used in the United Kingdom (UK) and worldwide 1, 2. A third booster dose might be needed, prioritized to ChAdOx1 recipients and those more clinically vulnerable. At least 67% protection against infection was estimated to last for 2–3 months after two ChAdOx1 doses, for 5–8 months after two BNT162b2 doses in those without prior infection and for 1–2 years for those unvaccinated after natural infection. Anti-spike IgG levels were associated with protection from infection after vaccination and, to an even greater degree, after prior infection. Prior infection significantly increased antibody peak level and half-life with both vaccines. Older individuals and males had lower peak levels with BNT162b2 but not ChAdOx1, whereas declines were similar across ages and sexes with ChAdOX1 or BNT162b2. After second vaccination, BNT162b2 generated higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. In 222,493 individuals, we found significant boosting of anti-spike IgG by the second doses of both vaccines in all ages and using different dosing intervals, including the 3-week interval for BNT162b2. In this study, we investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses and correlates of protection after second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United Kingdom general population. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration of protection after a second vaccine dose remain unclear. Antibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. |
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